To Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay - 1143 Words

On March 4, 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt stated in his first inauguration speech, â€Å"So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself, nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance, (Baughman). This quote translates to a confusing concept at first, but once discussed is practical: the fear of an individual should not be the concern, yet it should be the damage fear itself has on one. Little did we know at the time that this quote, the only thing we have to fear is fear itself† would turn into â€Å"the very symbol† of Roosevelt’s Presidency (Baughman). Almost 30 years later, To Kill a Mockingbird was published with hidden traces of fear†¦show more content†¦Also, knowing he has to make a change in Maycomb, Atticus stands up for Tom Robinson and personally gives him the benefit of the doubt. At one end of the spectrum are people who fear and hate, such as the members of the jury who convict an innocent man of rape because of his race. (Telgen) Atticus knows that this statement was the sole reason for Tom losing the trial. Lack of his fear, Atticus would have been more stuck up and only focused on his work, compared to his children and their education. Speaking of the Tom Robinson case, Bob and Mayella Ewell had their own fears, for all the wrong reasons. Bob is suggested to be an abusive father towards his daughter Mayella secretly, but they are slowly disappearing from the â€Å"socially acceptable† pool of people. The Ewells fear being forgotten and thought of as the poor, useless family. All they want is to be pit ied and noticed. Mayella Ewell claimed that Tom Robinson, a black man, had taken advantage of her while she had him destroy a chiffarobe. â€Å"I said come here, n*****, and bust up this chiffarobe for me, I gotta nickel for you,†(Lee). Witnesses say they heard cries coming from the house, and when Bob Ewell rushed inside, Tom was long gone, and Mayella was lying on the ground with furniture spewed around the room.. After being taken to theShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrates organic unity through the use of literary tools to create, maintain, and amplify the central theme. Lee constructs and develops the theme of social inequality by employing dialogue, irony, and an extended metaphor. Through dialogue, the townspeople show contempt for blacks, viewing them and anyone who treats them as equals as inferior. This is evident in the analysis of the conversations of Bob Ewel l, Mrs. Dubose, and Francis Hancock where they referRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreHow Harper Lees life and childhood influenced her writing of To Kill A Mockingbird2417 Words   |  10 PagesHARPER LEES VIEW OF THE 1930S AS A CHILD Harper Lee is well known for her great contributions towards modern society through her astounding book, To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel is read world-wide, in high schools and colleges because of its in-depth look at the social classes in the south during the 1930s. The book was influenced by society, in particular the social order of the south during her childhood. Lee grew up during this time of controversy which is why she writes so passionately aboutRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pages To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narratorRead MoreThe Loss of Innocence and Maturity in to Kill a Mockingbird2128 Words   |  9 PagesThe Loss of Innocence and Maturity in To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, To Kill a Mockingbird details the life and experiences of two children in a small town of Alabama. It describes how a series of events shakes their innocence, shaping their character and teaching them about human nature. In her novel, Lee demonstrates how these children learn about the essentiality of good and evil and the existence of injustice and racism in the Deep South during the 1930sRead MoreLiterary Theories And Literary Criticism1318 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary theories and literary criticism New Historicism 1. †¢ It is a literary theory based on the criticism of Stephen Greenblatt and philosophy Michel Foucault. †¢ It states that literature should be studied and interpreted in context with the author’s history as well as the history of the critic. †¢ Acknowledges that the author’s literature is influenced by his/her situations or surroundings. †¢ The critic’s response is also influenced by his/her surroundings, beliefs, values and prejudices. †¢ ShowsRead MoreMrs Johnstone948 Words   |  4 PagesHi! Maybe we can help with your question. On Marked by Teachers, teachers and top students analyse all sorts of English essays to give you an insider s look into what makes a great essay. Come and visit our English essay section on Marked by Teachers and use this analysis and advice to write your own masterpiece at GCSE or A-level! We re TSR s sister site, so you re sure to feel right at home straight away. Just take our free tour to see how we can help you with your studies. ThanksRead MorePrejudice-to Kill a Mockingbird and Martin Luther King5895 Words   |  24 Pagesstep. In the twenty-first century prejudice and its destruction can be viewed in many forms of modern literature. Two of the most famous and rejoiced literatures that examine the theme of prejudice are Harper Lee’s realist fiction novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and Martin Luther King’s heart warming speech ‘I Have a Dream’. Both texts explore the theme of prejudice of white Americans on the Blacks in the racially tense times of the early twentieth century. Unlike Harper Lee, Martin Luther King goesRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay3689 Words   |  15 PagesWhat it Means to Kill a Mocking Bird: an in depth analysis of the morals in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Subject: Category 1 Test Session: May 2016 Sami Aranki Diploma Charter Oak High School Word count of essay: 3,384 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract Read MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English class

The Process And The Plan - 957 Words

After I went to talk to the advisor, I realized the process and the plan are very important to attend in college because the advisor wants us to plan out and decide which field you will go in the future. That makes us easily to follow what we need to attend in college. They don’t want us to waste time and get lost on the direction we want to go. Luckily, I always decide the path I will go when I go to college because I don’t want to have anything new make me nervous at the first time. I planed out my schedule and my career. I wrote down all of my classes I need and those classes I will attend in each quarter. With me, the plan is really effect to myself because I don’t want to miss out anything or worry about it. That’s why I always put myself in a good schedule that works for me. The challenge I always feel is nervous, anxiety, and stress because I am the person always think too much. This is a weakness point of myself. Every time I face with the challeng e, it makes me really hard to sleep and focus on think about it. However, I never hide to challenge I have because each challenges will bring a lesson for me to learn. It teaches me a lot of important things to help my life and I can keep that to use when it is necessary in my life. Otherwise, it is a resource to me and I can share to anyone who needs help or have the same struggle like me. I’m excited about my planning ahead to next year because I already know the details and the specific classes to choose that makes meShow MoreRelatedProcess Improvement Plan Paper966 Words   |  4 PagesProcess Improvement Plan University of Phoenix Dr. Anthony Matias March 24, 2011 Abstract The premise of this paper is to identify deficiencies in daily managerial processes by using systematic statistical process controls and make the necessary improvements. The paper will employ various examples and calculations along with supporting data to explain control limits and its importance to the statistical process control. The effects of seasonal factors and its relevance to a processRead MoreMy Plan For A Workout Process995 Words   |  4 Pageswork out. Intensity is described as how hard you exercise. It’s how much you push yourself. As we all know, time is the amount of time you spend exercising and how long you do so. With Type, it is what type of exercise you undertake in the workout process. I will be using all four of these in my two week program as I exercise. On day one of my exercise prescription I will start light with a steady paced jog. My frequency will just be one as I start this program gradually. My intensity will be betweenRead MoreProcess Improvement And Implementation Plan1508 Words   |  7 PagesProcess Improvement and Implementation Plan A process improvement and implementation plan (PIP) is designed to help companies analyze their present business processes by ascertaining probable complications within their selected procedures. This extensive process will also help the company to identify and improve their business standards, intentions, and give them the golden opportunity to correct potential difficulties within the chosen processes. The process improvement and implementation planRead MoreStrategic Planning Process And Plan1555 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Planning Process and Plan Harper College’s Information Technology (IT) Client Services department houses the Information Security group. This group does not gather most of its own data, so the leaders will need to gather metric information from other College areas. Harper College Mission and Vision The Harper College mission is â€Å"Harper College enriches its diverse communities by providing quality, affordable, and accessible education. Harper College, in collaboration with its partnersRead MoreThe Process Of Writing The Intervention Plan990 Words   |  4 Pages During the process of writing the Intervention Plan I met with the client on a number of occasions. During those times I observed the client participating in different activities to try and determine her level of cognitive and physical function. I also spent time talking with her about activities she enjoyed to include both current and past activities such as crafts, exercise and reading. Under the supervision of the recreational therapist the following are activities that I performed with the clientRead MoreThe Plan Stakeholder Management Process Essay2640 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The Plan Stakeholder Management process builds strategies that focus the interests of stakeholders to align with the project goals through the entire life-cycle of the project. Based on the stakeholder register created by the stakeholder identification process, this provides an action plan for effectively communicating with the stakeholders. Management of communication via this method provides systematic and proactive channels of communication for those parties impacted, either positivelyRead MoreProcess Identification Plan for Toyota3887 Words   |  16 PagesThe Case for Change at Toyota Motor Corporation Process Identification and Improvement Plan ______________________________________________________________________________ Unit 1 Assignment 1 MBA 6022 Lynette D. Capella University Abstract This Process Identification and Improvement Plan will begin with a summary of the Toyota Motor Corporation and core commitment to safety, quality and volume. It will also refer to the case study review titled â€Å"Toyota: The Accelerator Crisis  (2010)Read MoreJob Plan For Job Process Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s needs and also benefits the company, this can have a substantial increase in productivity and revenue. Proactive employers use job crafting in the workplace as an on-going process and continually improving this process to adapt to changes. Employers can do this by assessing practices and involve employees in the process, examining and analyzing the tasks and whether they are being done efficiently, analyzing any problems, coordinating tasks according to each individual’s abilities, by taking smallRead MoreInitial Diagnosis And Treatment Plan Process802 Words   |  4 PagesInitial Diagnosis and Treatment Plan Process Listening to a client during an initial session and applying reflective listening techniques can put you in the mindfulness moment with the client. By being a mindful listener as a therapist, I believe it helps with being able to diagnose your client more accurate. It is important to have a system or flow of questions during your intake process, so it can provide the clinician with viable information regarding that client and their concerns, fromRead MoreBusiness Process Change Plan Evaluation1049 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS PROCESS CHANGE PLAN EVALUATION GB560 Designing, Improving and Implementing Processes Session # 1105D Unit 6 Assignment Alicia Fields Kaplan University August 30, 2011 The importance of understanding Business Process Change Business processes comprise a set of sequential sub-processes or tasks, with alternative paths depending on certain conditions as applicable, performed to achieve a given objective or produce given outputs. Each process has one or more needed inputs. The inputs

Can You Imagine a World Without a Superpower Free Essays

Coined by Dutch-American geo-strategist Nicholas Spykman in 1943, the political term ‘superpower’ is used to refer to a country with the ability to influence events or project power on a global scale. ’ It is difficult, if not impossible to envisage a world without a superpower. There are a number of reasons to support this assumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Can You Imagine a World Without a Superpower? or any similar topic only for you Order Now We begin with the first and most blaring- It is simply difficult to imagine a world without a superpower because history itself has shown that there has yet to come a time when one or more powers do not rise above its counterparts in terms of economic and/or political factors to the extent that they are able to impact various issues on a global level. From the ancient civilizations such as the Persian, Roman, Mongol, Portuguese and Spanish empires to the Russia during the Cold War and the USSR today, we have yet to observe a period of time when the world has observed an equitable balance of power. It can be argued that just because it has not happened yet, does not mean it will not happen one day. This is a firm basis for a counter-argument, however, it must be understood that in the foreseeable future, with more and more powers working towards this ‘superpower’ status (examples include China, Brazil, India and Russia), a world without superpowers is merely a sanguine, idealistic idea. Another issue that would make a world without a superpower a seemingly utopian concept is the difficulty of administrating such a world. Indeed, if no policing power (such as the USA) had the ability to influence global issues, the world would lack a clear sense of direction. Indeed, major decisions would probably be taken by a representative, multilateral body such as the UN (without a system of permanent seats). In such a scenario, it would be quite difficult to please all the parties involved and a conflict of interest would be inevitable. In a setup such as today, whereby the United States largely acts as the dominant political enigma, at least decisions are made and issues addressed. For example, in 1991, when the USSR was finally removed from its position as the dominant power of Eastern Europe, its surrounding sphere of influence fell into a spiral of economic and political despair. One can only imagine the repercussions if this happened on global level. According to Professor Niall Ferguson at New York University’s Stern School of Business ‘power, like nature, abhors a vacuum. In the history of world politics, it seems, someone is always the hegemon, or bidding to become it. ’ This idea proposed by professor Ferguson, is based on the theory that inherently, every country would like power. It is this elusive pull of power and all that it brings with it that would make a world without a superpower merely a product of idealism. How to cite Can You Imagine a World Without a Superpower?, Papers

The impact of shared domain knowledge on strategic †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about The impact of shared domain knowledge on strategic. Answer: Introduction An IS/IT strategy can be considered as a document of planning that directly explains how an information system and with it the technology can be utilized as taking them part of the organizations overall business strategy planning. This concept should be designed to support the organizations overall plan of the business. Taking into consideration the aspect of strategy, it can be termed as a course of action that is designed for a specific goal. The main consideration, which is taken into consideration in the report, is the concept of information system strategy, which can be applied in the sector of telecommunication. The main emphasis, which is applied, is in the sector of concepts, issues and ethics. The importance of the IS/IT strategy is also a factor which is critically explained in the report. IS strategy generally refers to the planning document which is used for explaining the ways in which the information system is to the utilized. Along with this it is also considered to be a part of the organizations overall business strategy. The IS strategy is to be designed in such a way that it would be capable of supporting the overall business plan of an organization. This organization has been capable of increasing its growth at a record rate in the recent years. They developed a strategy, which mainly aimed at enhancing the focus and interest on the external and the internal factors. This organization is having an effecti ve information system for the purpose of collecting and managing the data. The IS was used previously for informing the mangers or the higher officials and by this system the higher officials are capable of making certain plans for the improvement of the organization (Ghezzi ,Cortimiglia and Frank 2015). The IT strategy can be implemented according to the requirement of the organization or according to the requirement of the project. In most of the cases there are different IT Strategies undertaken by the organization in order to benefit from them. Key issues in Emirates Telecommunications Corporation which can be easily overcome by stakeholders Failure to realize new roles in the growing industry environment: Various operators round the globe are focusing to change various kinds of business models. It now created a platform for growing number of industry value chain. Various stakeholders of Emirates Telecommunications Corporation must focus on sharing of customers ownership and disrupting players. Lack of regulatory certainty market structure: A combination factor focusses on price deflation from various kinds OOT providers and market players like cable companies and moving of various kinds of mobile services. Operators must focus on shaping on new kinds of regulatory attitudes. Neglecting of new kinds of privacy and security: The uncertainty and various kinds of concern around data privacy and personal data. Stakeholders should initiate plans which can be easily considered to be helpful for revisit of data protection guidelines which can be easily followed. Stakeholders of this organization should focus on creating new opportunities as well as differentiation. Emirates Telecommunications Corporation has its business running in 15 countries across the Middle East, Asia and Africa. The key stake holders of this organization includes the customers, employees, business partners, consultants, vendors, legal and regulatory bodies, investors, community, and many more. Various types of issues are faced by this organization while running its business along with identifying the key stake holders and their specific interests. The company is associated with the involvement of various stakeholders for different purposes. Emirates Telecommunications Corporation does the identification of the key stakeholders by some simple steps and the first step of identifying the stakeholders include the analysis of the various processes of the organization. The second step involves the identification of the parties who are interested in the processes. The third stage involves the grouping of the identified stakeholders into homogenous groups. In addition, the last s tep involves the identification of the priority groups amongst all other parties who are included in each stakeholder. This is due to the factor that the role of the stakeholders are very much important in the working of the organization, There are various key dimensions in Emirates Telecommunications Corporation and this may includes the: Management of inventory Management of the amounts spend Management of the activities Management of the Invoice Management of the resources and information Management of the documents The IT strategy, which is relating to the sector of telecommunication and the sector of information technology mainly differ in a way that the sector of telecommunication focus on the concept of business unit strategy. The successful business unit strategy combine the sources, which are true relating to the dynamics of the market in which the sector operates. The basic point of emphasis, which is operated, is where to play question. This mainly incorporates the profitability, growth and capital intensity of the adjacent international market. Another point of difference between the sectors is the regulatory strategy concept. In the information technology sector the policy and the regulatory rules play a vital role. In this sector, they should be incorporated properly abiding the framework, which is predefined. The main similarity, which can be applied to both the field or the sector is that both depend on the concept of market dynamics. The market factor in both is sectors is very muc h important as they decide the fate of the sector and the company, which is involved into the sector. The main factors, which should be taken into consideration, are: Strategy unit strategy Portfolio and corporate strategy Strategy of innovation Regulatory strategy Adaptation In the case study, we have researched in the sector of Telecommunications company sector - Emirates Telecommunications Corporation and in the Information technology sector Redington. Both the organization have adopted the concept in order to achieve the following factors. Data governance: Managing and defining the data procedure and policies for organizing, classifying and communicating activities, which are complex around decision. Master data management: analyzing the data management processes and developing the best practice for the concept of handling the data outside and inside the organization. Data security: analyzing the security aspect of the data processes and developing the best practice to improve the data content protection and security during the process of transmission (Maharaj and Brown 2015). Process efficiency The process efficiency can be achieved by the following implementations: Tools, which are self-service that directly reduces the dependency on the technical staff for the concept of data, access and eliminate the duplications o the resources, which are personal within organization. A architecture which is technical related that supports and understands dependencies related to enterprise, reducing the consumption of time related activity which is involved in the concept of operating, planning and maintaining of the application which are complex. An implementation of the technologically advanced strategy, which can be used for the integration of the data and the sourcing from business applications. This results in elimination of the redundant errors, which are currently in use. The overall working or the processing which is related to any organization can be considered as one of the most vital aspects. In most situation taking into consideration a project, the successful delivery of the project, depend upon the process, which is involved into it. Into an organization, the process, which has to be implemented, is dependent on the type of the project it is undertaking. The factor of time and budget also play a vital role in this concept. A successful delivery of the project is dependent on both the factor of time and cost or the budget which is involved into it. Risk can come in any form, which can be divided, into two parts, which are internal risk factors, which are born within the origination and external risk, which are initiated from outside the organization. A plan should be initiated by any organization in order to comply with the factor of the risk so that it does not produce much of danger or harm into the framework of the organization. Quad play consumer convergence The Quad Play concept can be very much beneficial in a way of presenting a more rapid form of internet speed, which focus on the concept of connecting the client more towards the business. It can be helpful in way, which helps in client satisfaction in order to reach the need of the customer. The main point of emphasis would be to focus on the demand of the client or the customer and meet the demand of the client. Merging content production and content distribution The content production concept is very much in high demand in recent times. The customer have chugged along with the effort to catch up with the concept. Most notably content distribution has become the favorite buzzword for the concept of online marketing. This majorly draws the attention of the major brands and outlet of the media. The concept of content production and content distribution when merged can be directly related to the concept of reaching new audience with offering of content. Taking into consideration the distribution, a particular brand does not own the channel but it merely pay a rent for a finite period of time or the number of clicks. Many of the brands are taking into consideration to warm up this concept content distribution. On-demand entertainment services and mobile devices The on demand entertainment service can help the organization to meet with new clients or user. The entertainment service can help the organization to promote their product. The concept can be very much beneficial in a way that most of the audience are attracted towards the concept of the advertisement because of which the organization would be getting more exposure. The mobile devices helps on the go service relating to the client or the user. They can access the product from anywhere and at any time. This directly affects the IT strategy in a way, which focus more on advertising the product more than any other issue in this sector. Rise of subscription pay-per-view entertainment-consumption The rise of subscription would be directly affecting the IT strategy in a way that more exposure to the client can be done. This would be creating a direct platform for conducting a means of communication. This would be beneficial in a way of accessing the demand of the customer and take necessary steps to meet the expectation of the client. The concept if pay per view entertainment consumption can be helpful in a way of making the business agile, cloud optimized and simple in its operation. Information management The concept of information management can be considered as one of the most vital aspect within an organization. It can be considered as the backbone of most of the business bodies and its working. In most of the cases, the organizations face concerns regarding the information and the security, which is involved into the concept. Increased effectiveness relating to the data, which can be used for the purpose of execution, and planning can be done through the implementation of: A full life cycle view of the data of the enterprise that directly supports the business strategies with an understanding, which is deeper of the subject interaction and areas. Documented information of the enterprise, which affect the increase of knowledge of the data, which are currently available for the concept of data driven decision. This is achieved with the latency and location of the data. The process improves the concept of the system development and project management. This recognizes the business value with aspect of information which is needed across the organization (Maharaj and Brown 2015). Different company size, history and culture According to the size of the organization, the IT strategy can be implemented. Taking into consideration the aspect of the number of client the organization is trying to focus upon can be directly proportional to the strategy that has to be implemented. The history of the organization can help in focusing of the product it tend to lend. In most of the cases, it is seen that many organization who have been working in their precise work environment can adopt the strategy, which would be focusing on increasing their team list. The concept of culture can also be a point of factor in this case. The culture directly affect the interaction concept that has to be made by the organization (Ghezzi ,Cortimiglia and Frank 2015). When an organization produce an product it is intended for a group of people and it should be taken into consideration to make that the marketing system is incorporated accordingly. Customer base, market segment and product profile The customer base is very much essential as it directly affects the value in the market place. A diverse range of customer base can mean that the revenue comes from customer or clients. The diverse range of customer base would be directly beneficial in a way of increasing the standard of the business and becoming a predominant player in the market place. The concept of marketing segmentation means the need to develop and the need, which is related to the product and the services to satisfy the need of the customer. The market strategy directly puts this affect into the specific companies and target market. To address this major problem they group consumers into the market segment and puts focus on their common needs. The product profile can be important in a fact that it would be stating which customer group it is intended to interact. Certain type of product are designed to target a particular set of audience. In this context, it is very much important to know the product profile so that the IT strategy can be implemented accordingly. Economics of scale The concept if economics of scale mainly describes a competitive advantage that large entities have over the entities, which are relatively smaller. It directly means that the larger the organization (government or nonprofit) lesser would be the cost related to the aspect. It is mainly taken into consideration that the cost, which is related to the manufacturing of one unit of any product, would be less if it were created in a bulk. There are two type of economy scale, which are internal economics scale and external economic scale (Cassidy 2016). The criteria of decision-making play a vital role in this aspect. The main criteria, which should be followed in order to make a decision, are stated below: Criteria for decision-making The main criteria, which should be taken into consideration in order to implement the decision-making on strategic development and innovation as seen in the cases study as well, are plotted below: The one of the most important aspects, which should be taken into consideration, is that the innovative strategy should be very much inspiring. The concept should be implemented taking into consideration the aspect of future growth of the organization. Secondly, the innovative strategy need to be ambitious in terms of providing the basic to break away from the mere competition and beat the competitors and create some new space. Thirdly, the process, which is related to the strategy development, needs to be open. Fourthly, an innovation strategy must always be very much specific of the time in which it has to be developed. Finally an innovative strategy needs to be adaptive and should evolve over time (Laudon and Laudon 2015). Enterprise Data Management One of the most important assists relating to any organization is the data. It can be considered, as one of the most important aspects relating to the working of any organization is the security of the data. The data is usually shared between multiple application, service and system within the crucial enterprise. Only through the implementation of a reliable management of data services organizations can truly understand their power within. The concept of management of data can be considered very much difficult to understand. In one of the most fundamental forms, it can be described as a method of governing and managing the data. The concept may include the following aspects. Ensuring the governance and compliance of the data Enabling the concept of consolidation relating to master data management (MDM). Using the process of integration of the data, it provides access to the customer, company, product information across the working of the enterprise. Providing high data quality which is accurate which can be directly be utilized to create a complete customer, company profile and product (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The process, which is related to the enterprise data management, can be considered as a pathway for the business organization to get the maximum output of their own data. When the enterprise data management is implemented within the working of an organization, it not only provides data integration within the organization but also makes certain specific compliance level into its working. Moreover, the aspect of business agility is also improved as it focuses on the issue of information, which is updated for the people who needs it the most and the time they need it. Organization may have different type of approach in order to deal with the data management. The information technology company Redington had focused on a specific toll of aid, which integrates the concept of cleansing and integration. The tool, which is related to the integration tool, does not always fulfill the concept of data of large amount and are limited to the files types and the sources of data it can manipulate. The organization also had drawn the existing resources in order to aid with the management of the data by means of calling upon employees to perform manual migrate and clean the data. The process, which is involved into the concept, is very much prone to human error, which can cause further complications and does not match the scale well as business need changes. Benefits The Enterprise Data Management has many benefits attached to the concept. The following are the main benefits related to the concept. Data quality The concept would directly improve the consistency and the accuracy of the information, which is distributed among customers both within and outside the organization. The concept is achieved by means of few rules, which are stated below: Consolidated sources of data that directly eliminates the program view specific of redundancy related to the data. This also reduce the issue, which is related to the location of the data. Consistent rules of business for the purpose of aggregating and linking data. Clear guidelines for the concept of quality assurance ownership and responsibility of processes for delivery and data receipt (Maharaj and Brown 2015). Risks The main factor of risk, which is associated with the concept, is the risk related to the data. The process, which is related to the processing of the data, can sometimes prove a risk for the organization. Taking into consideration any organization the data is the most important aspect, which should be taken into consideration at any instant of time. The risk mitigation strategy, which should be incorporated into the aspect, is the concept of process efficiency (Stair and Reynolds 2017). Fig 5: (STRATEGY OF PLANNING) (Sorce: Ghezzi ,Cortimiglia and Frank 2015) Conclusion The report can be concluded on a note that the IS/IT strategy can be very much beneficial if it is implemented in a proper form and in a proper way. It can be stated here that the size of the organization who is implementing the concept does not matter or play a role in this concept. The overall judgment of the answers, which are stated above, gives a clear idea of the concept of the Strategy. One of the most important factors, which are discussed in the report, is the enterprise data management. The aspect how it is implemented and used for their benefited play an important role in this context. The decision making process which is involved in the working of an organization also play a vital role as it directly reflects the overall working of the organization. If the decision are framed up properly in the working of the organization it would be directly affecting the overall working of the organization. It can be recommendated at the end that the process can implemented within the i nternal working and the benefit which can be achieved from the proper working can be very much vast. References Basole, R.C., Park, H. and Barnett, B.C., 2015. Coopetition and convergence in the ICT ecosystem.Telecommunications Policy,39(7), pp.537-552. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Chorafas, D.N., 2016.Enterprise architecture and new generation information systems. CRC Press. Effing, R. and Spil, T.A., 2016. The social strategy cone: Towards a framework for evaluating social media strategies.International journal of information management,36(1), pp.1-8. Fichman, R.G., Dos Santos, B.L. and Zheng, Z.E., 2014. Digital innovation as a fundamental and powerful concept in the information Systems curriculum.MIS quarterly,38(2). Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Ghezzi, A., Cortimiglia, M.N. and Frank, A.G., 2015. Strategy and business model design in dynamic telecommunications industries: A study on Italian mobile network operators.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,90, pp.346-354. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015.Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press. Maharaj, S. and Brown, I., 2015. The impact of shared domain knowledge on strategic information systems planning and alignment.South African Journal of Information Management,17(1), pp.1-12. Majchrzak, A., Markus, M.L. and Wareham, J., 2016. Designing for digital transformation: Lessons for information systems research from the study of ICT and societal challenges.MIS Quarterly,40(2), pp.267-277. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2016.Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Rainer, R.K., Prince, B. and Watson, H.J., 2014.Management Information Systems. Wiley Publishing. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G., 2017.Fundamentals of information systems. Cengage Learning. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer, Cham. Wager, K.A., Lee, F.W. and Glaser, J.P., 2017.Health care information systems: a practical approach for health care management. John Wiley Sons. Wang, J.W., Wang, H.F., Ding, J.L., Furuta, K., Kanno, T., Ip, W.H. and Zhang, W.J., 2016. On domain modelling of the service system with its application to enterprise information systems.Enterprise Information Systems,10(1), pp.1-16. Yuan, F., Zhang, Q.T., Jin, S. and Zhu, H., 2015. Optimal harvest-use-store strategy for energy harvesting wireless systems.IEEE transactions on wireless communications,14(2), pp.698-710.

War Crimes During the World War II

Table of Contents Introduction What is a war crime? The Holocaust The Bombing of Dresden The Atomic Bombs Conclusion Works Cited Introduction War crimes committed against humanity ought to be shade light on for the sole purpose of avoiding such occurrences taking place again. War crimes have continuously been committed by nations of the earth. This article will briefly discuss three events which should be viewed as war crimes and which took place during the World War II. The article will give the motivations behind those who undertook the actions and will clearly show why the actions should be considered as war crimes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War Crimes During the World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is a war crime? It is very significant to be clear on what constitutes a war crime for this article to make any sense. The United Nations definition of war crime will be adopted for the argu ment made in this article. The Holocaust Even for those who have a shallow knowledge of the holocaust, it is clear that it has been the biggest genocide to have ever occurred. Six million Jews were systematically killed without mercy. They were lied to, gathered and led to their deathbeds just like animals to an abattoir. It is clear that the holocaust was a war crime by the fact that, these were innocent civilians (UN 1) who were targeted specifically because of the hatred that Hitler had for them. As a matter of fact, the outbreak of the WW II had nothing to do with the Jews and it is clear that the Jews were specifically targeted for elimination. They were transported from foreign regions outside Germany and brought to the concentration camps to face their death. The Holocaust is a classical example of how the deep the hatred of men can be. The Bombing of Dresden This is yet another event that qualifies to be considered a war crime. The bombs were dropped in a highly populated ci ty and there were so many deaths. Targeting of civilians is an act of a war crime and this is what happened at Dresden when the Russians attacked the Dresden. Bombing of residential houses is clear indication of targeting civilians (UN 1) and the Dresden bombing should be classified as a war crime. The Atomic Bombs In as much as the US might have wanted to stop the war by using the atomic bombs, it was aware the bombs would affect the civilians more than anything else. Think of the radiations which were going to affect people for generations.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The physical structures could be easily put up again after the war but the genetically deformation and resultants mutation arising from exposure to the atomic bombs would be disastrous on the human beings. It was clear that the United States wanted to prove its mightiness but then it was done at the expense of innoce nt civilians. It should be noted that Nagasaki and Hiroshima were not villages but cities filled with civilians and not army artilleries. War ships and barracks are not found in cities. It is very clear that the US was on its way to annihilate the Japanese in the most mercilessly and cruel manner. Had war ships and barracks been targeted, it could have been blamed on the war but this was not the case as civilians were targeted. Conclusion The above brief discussion has made it clear that the three events were war crimes. It is a war crime to gather six million people and gas them systematically. It is a war crime to bomb cities with a full knowledge that there are thousands of civilians in those cities and not even a single war ship. Systematic targeting of civilians is considered an act of a war crime and this is what happened in the holocaust, the bombing at Dresden and the dropping of the atomic bombs at Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Works Cited UN. Crimes within the Court’s Jur isdiction. United Nations, 2011. Web. This essay on War Crimes During the World War II was written and submitted by user Greta A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Meet People in College Without Being Creepy

How to Meet People in College Without Being Creepy Right, so this article is going to teach you how to mix and mingle with the best of’em without coming across like a creep. Below you’ll find 7 chunks of information that will put things in perspective and give you an edge. Dive in and take notes if you have to because these are some serious social gems! 1. Let Go Next time you’re at some sort of function, let go of any social anxiety/insecurity. Simply decide not to care what other people may or may not be thinking about you. Be like a child in that respect. This doesn’t mean you don’t care what you look like and how you act, it just means you won’t waste time around others being overly analytical or introspective. You know what, we all find that really attractive. You’ll naturally meet a fair amount of people. They’ll come up to you and want to know more about you because at the end of the day they’ll hope you rub some of that nonchalant attitude off on them. 2. Think Inbound For the next ten mornings, before you head out ask yourself this question and then be perfectly honest: â€Å"What can I do to make myself more meet-able?† And no, it doesn’t have much to do with looking perfect. I mean, why do you typically approach people, ask them their name and want to get to know them? If absolutely no one ever approaches you, ask yourself why. Typically it all comes down to your attitude. Part of being attractive, or compelling to others is not being Depressed Dennis or Negative Nancy. Be happy and wear a smile on your face! 3. Be Where the People Are Silly It’s hard to meet people when you spend 80% of your time alone in your room, and the other 20% either eating somewhere or in class. Furthermore, if this is your lifestyle you’re bound to have some â€Å"issues† with meeting people in person. Social awkwardness. Life isn’t a video game. If literally all of your friends only know you through the virtual realm†¦dude you need to get out more. Parties and sports games aren’t the only options in town. Check around, in most colleges on an average weekday TONS of stuff is going down. Get in on some of it. Get out and about! 4. Upon First Meeting Basic people skills are actually super easy. When you first meet someone new face to face, there’s two things you can do and they work literally every single time: practice being a good listener and be genuinely interested in the other person. Skadoosh! Don’t be scared. Don’t be intimidated. Don’t be unnatural. Ask them about the weather, classes, something relevant and then listen. Be interested in them and keep it upbeat. Make first meetings with you refreshing and interesting. And remember, there’s always people watching. We all want to talk to the person that makes people smile and laugh in a classy, not cheesy immature way†¦ 5. Take Leadership Roles Leaders aren’t born okay, they’re slowly crafted. You just got to do it. Success breeds success. If you stumble at first, so what? Whenever a potential leadership role comes up, whether it be in interpersonal relationships or the classroom, give it a go! Leaders meet a ton of people, much more so than followers and it’s not creepy. All you have to do is volunteer and then go with it. Sure, the first couple times it will be intimidating but then you’ll adapt. Now remember, being a leader means leading. It means making a choice when no one else will. Fortune favors the bold! 6. Eat Right Exercise Regularly It’s less about being pretty or sexy (although those don’t necessarily hurt your chances of meeting people) and more about being healthy. If you get ripped or shredded, great! Then it’s all a matter of how you wear it. When you eat right you ensure that your body and central nervous system are working properly. Or at least as well as can be expected. What, you don’t think eating junk food all day is influencing you psychologically? Exercise also helps us stay balanced. And, exercise is a great way to meet people. Joggers. Sports players. Cyclists. Gym rats. The list goes on and on. 7. Approaching that Certain Someone When you’ve got a target you want to meet, don’t be immature! Just walk right the hell up to them and introduce yourself. The longer you take and think about it the creepier you could come across when you finally work up the nerve. Never forget that 80% of human communication is unspoken. The sooner the better, believe me. Now it’s your turn to spit some knowledge. How do you typically end up meeting people in college without any creepy vibes going on?

Management of Information & Knowledge Strategically Essay

Management of Information & Knowledge Strategically - Essay Example Further on, recommendations have been made such as having a knowledge management system that is comprehensive and accessed to everyone, including customers and one that has fully searchable and one that can be used to access a great deal of information by attaching multiple files. Currently, Baby Boomers are heading off into retirement. In the United States of America, Baby Boomers who were born between 1946 and 1964 and are now over 50 to 55 years of age and make up one third of the country’s workforce and they are rapidly leaving the boardroom (Foster 2005). In Europe alone, most workers are aged between 36 and 44 years of age and this is expected to reduce by 19 per cent as most of them move into retirement (Foster 2005). And yet most American, Canadian and European firms do not have plans to manage and transfer knowledge and for this reason, there is a great risk of loss of experience and knowledge on an unprecedented scale (Thompson 2004). Ryanair does not have a comprehensive knowledge management system to manage its knowledge assets (Creaton 2007). This poses a huge threat for the company with the current and future problems for this being the risk of reinventing the wheel in terms of innovation, lack of customer responsiveness to products, lack of knowledge on the competitors’ moves and strategy which may result to poor pricing, loss of intellectual property after employees leave with essential knowledge, poor employee relations and time wastage in training and developing workers. A knowledge management system is important in solving and avoiding these problems in a number of certain ways. A knowledge management system comes in handy as it enhances Ryanair’s value proposition of operational excellence whereby the company focuses on creating operational efficiencies to keep costs low so as to maintain its position as a low cost airline. A knowledge management system is

Teaching Project Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Project Paper - Essay Example Engaging in violent behaviors increases the risk of death among drug addicts. Another cause of death is deterioration of the users’ health. Continued usage of the substances leads to addiction, which is one of the causes of morbidity among the substance abusing people. Morbidity caused by substance abuse can be categorized into social, psychological and physical. Long-term usage of substances leads to poor social health such as isolation. It makes it difficult for the users to interact with other people in the society by making it difficult for them to create relationships with others. This may result into other health complications such as depression (Nora 1). In addition, it may lead to poor psychological health. Substance abuse has also been associated with other chronic illnesses. For instance, long-term usage of tobacco may cause serious illnesses such as lung cancers. Other illnesses associated with drug addiction are diabetes and cardiovascular illnesses. The poor healt h among the people addicted to substances includes poor eating habits. Since substance addiction changes priority, food become less important compared to the substance. The situation may cause other illnesses associated with poor eating habits. The multiple disorders caused by substance abuse are referred to as co-morbidity (Nora 1). The risk factors associated with substance abuse include availability of the substance and peer influence. Many people start using alcohol because it is readily available. Young adults are also likely to start abusing drugs in order fit in their peer groups. Economic problems also increase the chances of abusing alcohol. Other risk factors include poor management of problems in families. Studies also show that ADHD also increases the risks using drugs among children and adults. It is important to note that mental health disparities are also recorded among the substance users. Individuals who lack

Global Markets and the New Product Development Process Essay

Global Markets and the New Product Development Process - Essay Example QFD has been used as a significant portion of the product development procedure. QFD is an asset in people and in order. It uses a cross useful team to determine client supplies. QFD is a methodical and logical technique for convention customer expectation. QFD is a preparation process for interprets client supplies (voice of the client) into the appropriate scientific supplies for each stage of product development and construct (i.e. marketing policies, preparation, product design and manufacturing, example assessment, manufacture process development, manufacture, sales) (Sullivan, 1986) and (Revelle, 1998). if we look upon the basic theories of this article then we come to know that new product foreword in today's technology-driven marketplaces carries important risk. New product breakdown rates can be as short as one out of each three products (Antil, 1988) or as elevated as the 90 percent of new grocery products which are reserved inside a year of their foreword. New technology, better communications, greater than before income stress and shorter product life rotations have extra to the intrinsic danger (Rosenau, 1988). Yet, with no the foreword of new products, worsening of the firm's market place is predictable (if you discontinue rising, you start dying!). Without new products, firm's determination unavoidably idles. Initial or near the beginning admission of new products, on the other give, can consequence in new marketplace development, longterm market supremacy, and foreclosure of contestant' answers (Crawford, 1988). Failure to react to spirited new product foreword with suita ble speed can consequence in late advertise entry, a enduring loss of marketplace split and dissolute proceeds (Kotler, 1988). Timely and receptive new product development has turn out to be even additional dangerous in the extremely spirited global surroundings. The need to react rapidly to these lively global advertise forces needed the solid to integrate fast the viewpoints and needs of together product developers and possible customers (Barton and Krause, 1985). However, operational against appropriateness is the customary new product development process, which is chronological, with each phase following in rational order (Sommers, 1982). An similarity of the customary technique is the communicate contest, which needed a even transition from sprinter to sprinter (i.e. one group of useful specialists transitory the baton to the after that collection). Any lack of message flanked by various sections in the near the beginning phases of product development can be deadly to the achievement of the scheme as an entire. The answer to the obstacle obtainable by the customary linear replica is simultaneous advertising, which is flattering common in the new product development labors for a lot of businesses (Kochan, 1991). Today's symbol for new product development is the team dash: teammates in a run can run at the similar time, in the similar race. Communication is unimpeded and continuous as teammates do not contain to wait awaiting the

Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training

Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION This chapter will discuss†¦ it will also discuss its public health significance†¦ and also report strengths and limitations of the review. 5.1  Summary and discussion of the evidence: 5.1.1  To what extent was the intervention effective? The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effects of computerized cognitive training aimed at improving cognitive function in individuals at a high risk of developing dementia. The ten trials that have been included in this study are spread widely across different countries. They vary enormously even within each subdomain analysed in terms of sample size, intervention characteristics (overall length of duration, number of training sessions and their frequency) and outcome measures used. Participants were assessed on a number of cognitive outcome measures that were unrelated to the trained tasks, this was necessary to show that cognitive improvement was not task specific as suggested by previous studies (Ball et al. 2002). The results from these ten studies suggest that computerized cognitive training is a promising approach for improving cognitive performance in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Participants showed improvements over a wide variety of neurocognitive o utcome measures, such as memory, attention, executive function, working memory, visuospatial ability, general cognition and speed of processing. Among these cognitive domains the most consistent improvements across all studies were observed in visual and verbal memory, attention, and executive function. Improvements in cognitive outcome measures suggests that individuals with MCI, despite cognitive deficit retain significant amount of neuroplasticity (Rosen et al. 2011) which makes them responsive to cognitive training. These findings are consistent with previous studies that demonstrate positive effects of cognitive training on cognitive performance in individuals with MCI (Brum et al. 2009; Ball et al. 2002; Rapp et al. 2002). Previously it has been suggested that training gains are influenced by the frequency and duration of the intervention (Gates et al. 2011), however, findings show no difference in training effects among studies with longer duration of intervention and those with smaller duration (Rozzini et al. 2007). The inability to conduct a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria, intervention characteristics and outcomes measured made it difficult to precisely identify which cognitive domains benefited the most from the training. It has been pointed out several times over the years that unless accompanied by behavioural, psychological or other changes, changes in cognition let alone are not sufficient to justify a cognitive intervention (Woods, 2006). Out of the ten studies included, five studies assessed behavioural, psychological and everyday functional symptoms apart from neurocognitive outcome measures (Gaitan et al. 2013; Gagnon and Belleville, 2012; Finn and McDonald, 2011; Rozzini et al. 2007; Galante et al. 2007). The findings revealed positive effect of the intervention on some aspects of subjective measures of memory. Depressive symptom scores decreased most consistently. This was followed by reduction in anxiety levels. However, no significant improvements were observed in self-reported activities of daily living or everyday functioning memory. This could be explained by the fact that as individuals were carefully screened out in order to meet criteria for MCI, the participants were not impaired in everyday functional abilities and hence, it was difficult to assess the effect of training in terms of transferability to real world outcomes. No changes in well-being were reported. This is in contrast to the findings by Belleville et al. (2006) which reported positive impact of computerized cognitive training on the participant’s feelings of well-being. This can perhaps be explained by the inclusion of pre-training sessions on stress, self-esteem and imagery that were part of the intervention in their study. Despite the importance of quality of life to patients and caregivers, none of the studies measured quality of life. According to Rozzini et al. (2007) although use of cholinesterase inhibitors has also been associated with reduced depressive symptoms, but computerized cognitive training supersedes pharmacological therapy as no negative or adverse effects of training have been found in participants, contrary to adverse effects and high dropout rates reported in drug tri als in MCI (Clare et al. 2003). 5.1.2  To what extent were the effects maintained after the intervention? Four studies included a follow up assessment ranging between 3 months to a period of 12 months (Gaitan et al. 2013; Herrera et al. 2012; Galante et al. 2007; Rozzini et al. 2007) and one study used a longitudinal design (Valdes et al. 2012) to ascertain if the training gains lasted longer, showed stability over time and hence, could possibly contribute to preventing future cognitive decline. General cognitive function remained stable up to 9 months post training (Galante et al. 2007); recognition, attention and recall improvements were maintained at 6 months (Herrera et al. 2012); executive function (Gaitan et al. 2013), episodic memory and abstract reasoning (Rozzini et al. 2007) showed improvement trends at 12 month follow up; and effects on speed of processing were maintained at 5 years after the end of the training programme (Valdes et al. 2012). Two studies showed reduction in behavioural disturbances such as depression and anxiety (Gaitan et al. 2013; Rozzini et al. 2007) at a 12 month follow up. Evidence suggests that computerized cognitive training is at least effective in slowing or delaying the progression of cognitive decline and onset of dementia. Moreover, it also suggests that if computerized cognitive training show cognitive gains, these improvements are likely to be preserved at follow up. In summary, computerized cognitive training justifies Swaab’s (1991) phrase â€Å"use it or lose it† used to explain the relationship between declining neuronal activity and neurodegeneration. Overall, these results show findings similar to a recent meta-analysis by Li et al. (2011) that showed improved overall cognition, domain specific cognitive improvements and positive training effects on follow up in the intervention group after receiving traditional cognitive training. According to literature, computerized cognitive training has shown to be more effective than traditional cognitive training (Kueider et al. 2012), the results from this study suggest that structured computerized cognitive training produce significantly greater benefits in individuals with MCI as compared to those engaged in cognitively stimulating activities only. Evidence reveals that individuals with MCI that were randomized to intervention group showed larger cognitive gains as compared to active control groups. 5.2  Public health Significance: With the elderly population of the world increasing rapidly, the numbers of older adults suffering from dementia are bound to rise. With 1 in 3 people above 65 years developing dementia, the number of individuals with dementia are projected to be as high as 135.46 million in 2050 (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2013). Dementia has several devastating consequences. The economic impact of dementia globally is quite alarming. This has diverted attention not only towards the treatment of dementia itself but also towards preventive therapies specifically aimed at individuals with MCI. In 2007, the average cost of care for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease in the United Kingdom was estimated to be around  £29,746 (Alzheimer’s Society, 2008). This makes the principles of disease prevention and health promotion particularly relevant to dementia (Geda, Negash and Petersen, 2011). The prevention of a disease involves the identification of groups that are at high ris k; MCI indeed, is a high risk state for dementia particularly of the Alzheimer’s type (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2013). Individuals with MCI are identified as high risk groups as they are 3 to 5 times more at risk of developing dementia than those without MCI (Alzheimer’s Society, 2014). As findings from this study reveal that many of the cognitive domains retain effects from as low as 6 months up to 5 years post computerized cognitive training and demonstrate delay in the progression of cognitive impairment. This can have positive implications for public health. This is because according to the Alzheimer’s Society (2007) delaying the progression of cognitive decline and hence onset of dementia merely by 5 years would halve the number of deaths that are directly attributable to dementia. It would also reduce the huge economic costs associated with dementia care borne by the carers and the government. In addition, it would also cut down the costs borne by individuals or their carers as computerized approach itself is a cost effective approach as explained earlier. Growing evidence on the positive effects of computerized cognitive makes it a strong candidate to be on the priority agenda for policy making on tackling dementia in coming years. As demonstrated, much evidence in literature exists highlighting the positive impact of cognitive training on cognitive performance. NICE guidelines (2011) recommend the use of structured cognitively stimulating programmes for individuals with mild to moderate dementia irrespective of the drugs prescribed for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of dementia. Results from this study indicating the potential of computerized cognitive training and other relevant evidence in literature advocates that the use of computerised cognitive training for MCI patients can be included in the clinical practice guidelines. However, for that to be practically useful, there needs to be developed a structured computerised cognitive training service which can be commissioned when needed. Such service should identify in particul ar the software to be used, the duration and frequency of training sessions and sequencing of training sessions. Kueider et al. (2012) highlighted that older adults did not need to be tech savvy in order to complete and benefit from the intervention. Moreover, these findings could have positive implications as contrary to the old belief that older adults may not welcome the idea of using technology; research suggests that older adults in many cases are the fastest growing users of computer and internet technology (Wagner et al. 2010). Moreover, as mentioned earlier, computerized cognitive training offer flexible and personalized approach as the difficulty level can be adjusted according to the user’s performance, hence, keeping it engaging and enjoyable for users. 5.3  Strengths and limitations of the study: The review was undertaken after a thorough search of literature available around the research question. To the author’s knowledge this is the only systematic review to-date that has been conducted on this topic and includes up to date evidence. Another strength of this study is the strict inclusion criteria in terms of study design. Only randomised controlled trials were included in the review. Although there were other relevant studies available having other study designs but according to the Cochrane review guidelines (Higgins and Green, 2011), the author decided to limit the final studies to randomised controlled trials. This helped to decrease bias and increase the methodological quality of the overall review. The author intended to synthesize the results from best available evidence. Although efforts were made to ensure a transparent and reproducible review, a number of caveats need to be mentioned that might have influenced the results. 5.3.1  Time frame: The time frame to conduct a systematic review was extremely limited keeping in view that there was only one researcher carrying out the entire procedure. Maximum time was spent searching through different electronic databases and other sources and reading the abstracts of different articles in an attempt to identify relevant studies. There may be a possibility of selection bias as the selection and screening of studies was done solely by one reviewer. However, in order to minimise such bias, the search and screening of articles was done twice. 5.3.2  Methodological limitations: Across the literature on computerised cognitive training common but notable methodological limitations emerge. One of the general limitations of this systematic review was small sample sizes used in majority of the studies. The small sample sizes led to reduced statistical power which may have obscured the detection of potential differences between the groups. Larger groups could have allowed detecting smaller gains in performance. A second limitation was that several studies lacked an adequate active or placebo control group. Failure to include a proper control group may not only have had an impact on the results but also made interpretation of results difficult as attribution of cognitive benefits could have originated from other sources besides computerized cognitive training. These issues impact on the main aim of the study which was assessing how computerized approaches compare with traditional approaches. Only two studies used an active control group indulged in activities similar to traditional cognitive training (Gaitan et al. 2012; Herrera et al. 2012) making it difficult to directly compare both the approaches. The review supports findings from previous studies (Sitzer et al. 2006) that intervention groups show larger effect sizes when compared to waitlist instead of active control conditions. Several studies reported inclusion of participants receiving pharmacological therapy (Cholinesterase Inhibito rs) raising the possibility that the cognitive gains were not because of the training solely but were a result of the synergistic effect between pharmacological therapy and training. An important limitation of this study was the scarce availability of data for individuals with mild cognitive impairment despite the relatively large time span covered. Furthermore, although most studies used the Petersen’s criteria to diagnose and assess individuals with MCI but modifications in the exact application of this definition existed e.g. the use of MMSE- scores one of the included studies used MMSE scores > 24 () while one study used MMSE scores of 23 (). Additionally the heterogeneity of the outcomes measured across studies made cross-comparison difficult but at the same time highlighted the need of developing robust research designs for cognitive training intervention studies. According to the inclusion criteria, only studies that were randomised controlled trials were to be included. This led to the exclusion of many quasi-experimental studies that were related to the research question and that could have contributed to the results (Talassi et al. 2007; Belleville et al. 2006; Cipriani et al. 2006; Tarraga et al. 2006; Schreiber et al. 1999). 5.3.3 Dual vs Single person data extraction: The Cochrane Collaboration (Higgins and Green, 2011) expects each study included in the review to be data extracted by at least two independent researchers who are blind to the study authors and institution from which the study has been published. This however, was not possible owing to the time limitations and practicality of an MSc degree and therefore, data extraction was carried out by a single reviewer. According to Edwards et al. (2002) study screening and data extraction by two or more researchers increases the reliability and accuracy of the systematic review. 5.3.4  Language limitation: The requirement of studies being published in English language led to the exclusion of two studies deemed relevant by their abstract as the body of text was published in German and Spanish (Ott-Chervet et al. 1998; Fernà ¡ndez-Calvo et al. 2011). Summary: This chapter discussed on the results that were generated in the previous chapter. Computerized cognitive training had positive impact on multiple aspects of cognition, including behavioural and psychological symptoms. The effects of training on multiple outcome measures were retained for as less as 6 months to 5 years after the end of the training programme. This showed that the effects of training were not only immediate but also halted cognitive decline. These findings were extremely important from the public health.

Shifts in Sensibility :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the end of the seventeenth century and early eighteenth century a socio-political shift occurred. Sensibilities transferred from the logic of the Enlightenment, or Neo-classical Period, to those feelings and emotions of the Romantic Age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Enlightenment authors such as Molià ©re & Swift used reason and rational to present their ideas. They address broad socio-political issues with their writings. Molià ©re in his satirical work, Tartuffe, focuses upon hypocrisy within the clergy. He uses Clà ©ante to voice his argument of logic against Tartuffe throughout the play. Swift, in A Modest Proposal, uses shock therapy to motivate people into action with anger and wrath. Swift still uses the philosophy of the Enlightenment; his narrator provides sound, well-considered arguments and logic in sharing his proposal. And Swift, himself, provides us with an actual list of proposed solutions under disguise. Both authors attempted to bring about a change in society by reasoning with their audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Enlightenment ended and the Romantics took hold, logic gave way to emotions. The Romantic Poets relied upon their feelings and were driven by their passions. They were inspired by nature and by the imagination. They focused upon the uniqueness of the individual, not broad socio-political issues. Rousseau’s Confessions perfectly exemplifies the change in sensibilities. The piece focuses directly upon is unique, individual life. He relies completely on his feelings. His thoughts and longings center around his whims and fancy, not upon logic. He states that it is only objects for which he yearns which tempt and sometimes lead him to thievery. He would not consider stealing actual money, which he could use to purchase the desired items. He prefers to let the impetuous passion guide his actions. He makes tracks for Paris which he â€Å"had heard so much praised† without any money or means of support or even any real plan for such (674). Rousseau claims that he is unable to simply sit and write what comes to mind, the train of thought process. He states that his writings under such circumstances result in dense and verbose ramblings of which â€Å"[his] meaning is difficult to make out† (672). He finds it tough to organize his thoughts and opinions without adequate time to arrange his mind. Another prime example of Romantic ideals is William Woodsworth Lines Composed Above Tintern Abbey. Woodsworth delightfully captures for the reader the beloved place of his youth. Only with the reflection of age does he realize that the natural beauty lied within his imagination and the warmth of his memories.

Evaluation of Human Resources Essay

Businesses have to control their resources closely, this is because Human resources are needed in the business and is also monitored because if some staff are not doing their work correctly then they are likely to be replaced with someone that is better. If the business is to expand then the business needs to employ staff with certain ability that will benefit their business. The Human resources can improve the businesses performance in many ways. There are two main processes which are looked at when managing human resources. The most important is to employ the correct people for the job, people that will carry out the job role correctly. Then the correct resources have to be provided for them so that they can carry this process out to the best of their standards. Treating these employees with care and sensitivity is important. They are not like physical or technological resources; humans need to be dealt in certain ways, as they are protected by legislations and laws. In some businesses, there will be a constant change of different demand of products that the customers wish to purchase, for this reason the staff will have to be trained for any of these occasions. This is how they improve there human resources. They also look at how many skills the employee has when they are searching for new employees. They will check whether that person can be used in more then one job position of that store, how many skills they consist of. Coordination of the teams in different types of businesses is very important in ensuring that they meet the targets that the company sets them. When all employees of the team complete their assigned roles the team will run more smoothly. It is also important that a manager is always there so that they can supervise his staff and also if there is a problem that they might not be able to handle the manager will defiantly being trained to deal with the situation. Monitoring the performance of a team and letting them know of there good work is a good way to keep the staff motivated. There are certain ways to monitor the way that businesses monitor their staff. Firstly they can make sure that the staffs are reaching the targets that are assigned to them. Also sales figures can be looked at, seeing whether the team has overspent or under spent the budget that was assigned to them. Finally last way to monitor the performance is to record the number of compliments, or complaints that that member of staff has received from the customers. Individual and team appraisals are also a good way to keep the team motivated. Liaising within departments in a business is very important in keeping the employees on talking terms with people in other departments. It is essential that they work with each other so that they can coordinate with each other and progress is completed rather then slowed down. One way to make sure that the teams work together is to encourage team building exercises, so that the employees can get to know each other more. Many people from the same level within the organisation are told to meet with other people from other departments, not necessarily physically, but through the internet. To ensure that the employees know how the business works, and what there job role entitles, they should know about the background of their organisation. There will have to be good communication and respect shown when the people of the company are talking to each other. People will talk to others in a different way depending on there role, or what they have achieved. With there superiors there will be more respect shown then others like people below them in the organisation. In some businesses managers will refer to each other using there titles but many others, they will be referred to on first name bases. It is also important to communicate with the employees, make sure that they know the terms of there contract with the job that they have with you, whether they are allowed to have a second job or not, these little things. If they choose to have a second job, they should tell their role manager about it, and also the job should be in a non-related company. Managers can use incentives to keep the workforce encouraged to work harder and harder. There are many ways in which employees can use these incentives to keep them working, they can be rewards, little things that will make the workforce feel that that are being appreciated. These incentives also have to be worth of value to the employee that is earning them, or they will not want to earn them. It is always good to offer a variety of choices for the employees to choose from. This way they can have different things every time that they work hard. Businesses usually encourage there employees to be creative, and use their initiative. This is to adapt with any change in the market, so that the company is easily adaptable, and these companies are more likely to succeed. Because companies can compete all over the world using the internet, these companies’ encourage their employees to think creatively and use their imagination. Many small businesses become successful by being creative and using their initiative. Organisations can get their work done in two different ways, one in-house, where the employees that they employee do the work for them, or the organisation can outsource their work, where they pay some other company to do the work for them. Evaluation of Technological Resources: When looking at resources which are technological, there are many improvements that can be made in a business. Technological resources would not be hardware; they would fall under the category of software. They are managed in similar ways to other resources to ensure that they are not damaged, and if there is a newer version an update can be made. Intellectual property is the right in which people can own idea’s and decide what happens to them. This is similar to having a patent to an idea or an item, where the person will decide what will happen to the item or ideas. The longer that people work in a job, or different jobs they will start to gain accumulated experience, they will start to learn how to deal with certain issues that may come up in their job. This is a major benefit to the company, as more and more people stay at the company, gradually gaining more experience. The people with experience will be placed as mangers so that they can have an influence on their own sector or department. It is very important for the organisation to build up the skills of peoples so that they can deal with certain issues that arise in the business. It would be wise to train more then a few people at certain things, for instance in their absence, there should be somebody to handle that specific area. If an experienced person was to leave the organisation it would be hard to find another person that would be able to fulfil that job role with the same amount of skill as the previous person. Cascading training is the process in which training is passed on throughout the workforce, so that a backup is available when another individual is needed. Software is used in businesses a lot, and the businesses spend a lot of money on software for its business. Specially made software is sometimes very important to businesses; the reason for this is because it is a piece of software that is specifically designed for a business. Software that isn’t specially made, but owned by people is also used, and to use these businesses must pay a fee for the software license so that they can distribute it to all of their stores. When companies buy these licenses, they usually get a discount due to the amount of computers that they wish to install the software onto. Some companies run the software on more computers they claim to be, and in these cases they are breaking the law, although this can work both ways, as the companies can charge too much. Software reviews can save a vast amount of money for the company, to see which computers need new software and which don’t. Using legislation to protect the technological resources of the company is very important although it is always hard to tell whether people have taken your idea, it is always hard to find the perpetrators. Patents and Copyrights are different area’s which fall under intellectual property law. Patents are protection for inventions, new or improved. Evaluation of Physical Resources: When looking at the physical resources of business, businesses should look at the procedures that it undertakes to carry out its activities. Improvements can be made to make sure that these resources are maintained, refurbished and secured. All businesses need premises where they can operate from. These buildings can have a strong affect on the people that either work there, or the customers of the company. Having buildings located in strong economic areas is also very important for the business, so that many people will be attracted to it, as well as see it as an important building in the area. Importance of how businesses layout their stores all over the country, no doubts show in its success. Businesses have to find ways into attracting the attention of the customers. In businesses that deal with clothing, shoes or accessories, they would need to be aesthetically pleasing to the customers, being attracted to the building will naturally result in them proceeding into the building. Improvements should be made in the materials and waste in businesses. Undoubtedly this would both save the economy as well as money for the business. Different types of buildings within each business will all need to cope with different activities that will need to be completed. The plant will be the place where the machinery for these places will be placed. Although some companies take there machinery on lease, some businesses see it as best to buy the machinery as they can be used in the long run. The correct equipment is essential for a business to operate smoothly. If the necessary equipment is not given then this can result in the incompletion of the task which was required, this can have more impact on the company then some may think. IT is one of the most important, many businesses fail without it. Businesses must consist of both hardware and software, which carry out their main jobs of looking after the amount of stock in the stores, the day’s cash intake, and many other important functions that the company needs. Hardware is the physical items, computers, monitors, things that are visible to people. Software would be the systems that the computer runs on, Microsoft and other applications. All of the factories will always have their premises checked. If the correct maintenance does not take place then the machinery or the buildings can break down, leading to much more large cost with replacing them. Cleaning of the buildings is important in keeping it safe to work in and healthy for the people who work there. Refurbishment of the company consists when the company seems to want to change the appearance of their stores whether it is to the customers in the stores, or for the workers in the other associated buildings. Keeping the buildings fresh will encourage people to enjoy their workplace and result in people working harder. Refurbishment can also have an impact on the environment as well as people, as old resources can be replaced with eco-friendly or energy saving ones. To ensure that the workers and the customers are safe at all times Emergency Provisions will be there in case of an emergency. Evacuation training must be given to all of the employees, so that they know exactly what to do in case of a fire or any other incidence. Other equipment to prevent harm will be placed in the store, such as, fire alarms, smoke detectors, fire escapes and fire extinguishers. To ensure that these are working at all times, regular checks will need to be made. Insurance is a must with all building, whether there leased or owned by the company. This is to cover any damages. Protecting the assets of the company is very important because if any of these were vandalised, they can claim the damage costs back. The building must be made secured at all times, when the employees finish their shift at night; they must lock the premises up so that no intruder can enter. Although this is not always the case, people still somehow find a way in, this is why security guards are hired. The company can also get advice from big security companies about how they can keep their business locked and secure. Evaluation of Financial Resources: Financial resources are needed in the businesses because they have to monitor their finance because; they need to insure that they have enough money in order to buy products and to pay their employees. They then also have to make sure that they have enough money so that they can pay off their bills as well. Financial resources are the cash or loans that a business has, or has access to. A business’s non-financial resources are their employees, technology, equipment, buildings, warehouses and information systems. Within the financial and non-financial category come two more types of resources: internal and external. Internal resources are financial or non-financial resources that a company owns, or has in-house. External resources are financial or non-financial resources that a company does not own, but may be able to use externally. When businesses evaluate their internal environment, they are analysing the areas of their work that they have control over. Internal environments may include, but are not limited to, the organisational structure, purchasing behaviours, research and development and manufacturing processes. Within the internal environment are internal resources, such as finances, staff, equipment, and machinery and information technology. Businesses should perform environmental scans of their internal environments and resources, they should document their findings, examine the trends in their environment, review and analyse the inventory and use the information for decision-making techniques. External business environments are the areas that a business does not have control over, but can still be impacted by. Common external environments can be categorised as environmental, political, economical, technological, legal and social. Within these external environments businesses can identify external resources. Technological advances, for instance, are operated external resources. By knowing what is available to businesses in the external environment, decision makers can analyse risk potential and understand how their business can be progressed or slowed down by external resources. Monitoring Budget Costs: At the beginning of a businesses year, the business will start to start formulate a budget which is their objective to forecast what their profit will be at the end of the year in the assumption that the budget will remain the same through out. The budget will be monitored quarterly or monthly to see if the profit they projected at the beginning of the year is still realistic. Monitoring their budget will give them the flexibility to adjust their wants, needs and must have so that the projected profit is realisable at the end of the year. Profit is the measure of a business performance. Ideally, the process of budget planning for the next financial year should give everyone in the organisation an opportunity to reflect on what they’ve achieved, what the external environment is telling them and where they want to go next. In times of recession, businesses will aim to increase revenues or they may maintain them, they could specifically target a certain market, or invest more in a profitable area. Businesses will focus on these specific areas by everyone in the business. Unfortunately, hardly any business gathers the full rewards of focused engagement with the budget process. Too often businesses are facing the future with budgets that are reluctantly thrown together by cost centre managers with other things on their mind.

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take

Introduction A Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) is an officer within a firm or practice that has been nominated to make disclosures to the National Crime Agency (NCA), formerly the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), under the Proceeds of Crimes Act (POCA) 2007 and the Terrorism Act (TA) 2000. It is provided under Regulation 20 of the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 that if an MLRO receives an internal disclosure of suspected money laundering or terrorist financing, they are required to consider the disclosure and decide whether the grounds of suspicion are sufficient enough to pass the disclosure onto NCA (Ellinger et al; 2011: 98). Since the MLRO of BCD Bank has received an internal money laundering suspicion report from Christian, they will be required to consider whether the matter should be passed onto NCA. Given that Radovan Rankovich (RR) is allegedly wanted by the authorities in the Ukraine for criminal actions against the state, and has received a recent transfer of ?15 mil lion from a Corporate Service Provider in Cyprus, it is likely that this would warrant a disclosure to NCA for investigation. In accordance with this, the MLRO will be required to file a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) with NCA and subsequently liaise with them to deal with this matter accordingly (Ellinger et al; 2011: 97). Part 7 of POCA makes it a requirement for banks to make a disclosure to NCA if they reasonably suspect that a person is involved in money laundering (s. 329). If the MLRO fails to make such a disclosure then he or she may be found criminally liable under this Act for a failure to disclose (s. 331). This is because a person commits an offence under s. 329 if they; acquire, use or have possession of, criminal property. Since a bank would fall within the scope of this section, it is possible that BCD Bank would be subject to criminal proceedings if they failed to take the appropriate action and thus make the relevant disclosures. If the MLRO does not believe that the grounds of suspicion are sufficient to report the matter to NCA, then the MLRO will be required to make further inquiries (International Monetary Fund, 2011: 65). Once the MLRO has made a report to NCA, the report will be ‘protected’ under s. 337 so that nothing in the report shall be taken to breach any restriction on the disclosure of information. Given that BCD Bank may have engaged in money laundering by allowing RR’s transactions to take place, they may have a defence under s. 338 if they make demonstrate that they made the disclosure as soon as possible. Similar provisions also apply under th e TA if the person is also suspected of terrorist financing. As Christian has received a text message stating that RR is wanted by the authorities in the Ukraine for criminal actions against the state, it is likely that the MLRO will also be required to comply with the provisions under the TA for a reasonable suspicion of terrorist financing. An obligation to report under the TA will therefore arise which means that the MLRO will be required to disclose the identity of RR, any information that relates to the matter and the whereabouts of the laundered property. There are two different types of report that may be made by the MLRO, namely protected reports and authorised reports. A protected disclosure is made by a person during the course of their trade, profession or employment. This type of disclosure is generally made by a person who is carrying our professional activities. An authorised disclosure is made by a person who is about to commit a prohibited act or has already committed a prohibited act (Bastable and Yeo, 2011: 108). Since the bank has already dealt with the property that is suspected of being laundered, it is more appropriate for an authorised disclosure to be made. The MLRO will also be required to obtain consent from NCA under ss. 335 and 336 to determine whether Christian can action any further transfers out of RR’s account. This will be done by making a ‘consent report’ to NCA, which will then block any transactions for seven working days. If NCA gives consent to the MLRO, the MLRO will then be able to give consent to Christian to carry out the transactions (Bastable and Yeo, 2011: 108). If NCA refuse consent, however, the proposed transactions will be frozen for a further 31 days, unless consent is granted during that period; R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620. The Risks and Issues for the Bank This particular issue regarding RR is likely to be problematic for the BCD Bank as they will want to act in the best interests of their customer, namely RR, so that they remain in business with them whilst at the same time they are required to fulfil certain obligations imposed upon them by law. Because BCD will be required to disclose their suspicions even if RR has not acted in a criminal manner, this will have a damaging effect upon RR’s reputation and as put by Hislop (2009); â€Å"absent bad faith, little more than a â€Å"bad feeling† can trigger a banks disclosure obligations under POCA 2002, with in some cases catastrophic commercial consequences for the customer and a damning of his hitherto â€Å"good name† in the business community.† If the banks suspicions are incorrect, this can be significantly detrimental for RR. As such, the bank will need to be careful that they are striking a balance between the interests of RR with its duties to disclose . In the recent case of SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) the implications Part 7 has upon the rights of the individual and the banking business was clearly highlighted. Here, it was demonstrated that where a bank makes a SAR in respect of a suspicious transaction, they may not be provided with protection if the customer decides to challenge the banks suspicions in the future. This is so, despite the fact that a criminal offence may have been committed if the bank failed to make such a disclosure. Customers will have a right to challenge the banks suspicions with the bank then being required to prove that the suspicion was reasonable. It may be difficult to determine how the bank can justify making a disclosure since it was made clear by the court in this case that â€Å"the defendant must think that there is a possibility, which is more than fanciful, that the relevant facts exist. A vague feeling of unease would not suffice.† The bank will therefore be taking a risk in many any disclosure, especially this one since it will have to be shown that the text message was sufficient enough for a disclosure to be made. Furthermore, even if the circu mstances do render a disclosure justified, the bank’s decision may still be challenged which can be costly and time consuming. In K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 it was noted by the Court that; â€Å"to intervene between a banker and his customer in the performance of the contract of mandate is a serious interference with the free flow of trade. But Parliament has considered that a limited interference is to be tolerated in preference to allowing the undoubted evil of money-laundering to run rife in the commercial community.† Therefore, even though such a disclosure may interfere with the relationship between the bank and RR, such interference will be necessary if it will be likely to prevent money laundering from taking place. The bank needs to be clear that an interference of RR’s account is appropriate on the circumstances, since a frozen bank account for a period of time has in the past been considered a ‘grave injustice’ in the case of Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637. Here, the customer’s funds were frozen resulting in the customer being unable to afford the legal fees it would cost to challenge the decision. Therefore, if RR’s funds were frozen, which subsequently prevented RR from challenging the decision; it is unlikely that this would be deemed appropriate by the court. In accordance with this, it has been said that the test for suspicion is â€Å"a purely subjective matter† ( Medroft, 2010: 190). The decision as to whether the suspicion is reasonable will therefore depend upon whether Christian actually believed that the transaction was suspicious. If it cannot be found that this is the case, the interference cannot be considered justifiable and a breach of the customer’s human rights may also be established as in K Ltd. The bank will therefore be required to consider whether ‘reasonable grounds’ do actually exist, having regard to the elements constituting market abuse offences (Hudson and Hutchinson, 2009: 1). There are many inherent risks that are associated with disclosures and as such, it is vital that the bank is aware of its exact rights and obligations. In SHAH the court found that the bank did not act in an unreasonable manner which is likely to be the case in the instant situation. As such, it will most likely be difficult for RR to show that the bank had not acted in good faith. However, it could be argued that there was an unreasonable delay by the bank to make the disclosure under s. 338(2). As a result of this, the bank could be exposed to liability for breach of its duty of care (Medroft, 2010: 190). Whether this is acceptable remains an arguable subject but as expressed by Benjamin (2007: 62); â€Å"here the objective is not informed consent to risk but combating crime.à ¢â‚¬  Accordingly, it is therefore generally accepted that a bank’s interference will be justified on public policy grounds. The bank will still be subjected to many risks when making a disclosure, nonetheless, and must therefore consider whether the consequences of making a disclosure can be justified (Ellinger et al. 2010: 114). In addition, if the bank decides to make a disclosure, they must be careful not to allow the customer to find out as they can be found liable for ‘tipping off. This is another issue that may arise since a customer could become aware that a disclosure has been made simply due to the fact that their account has been suspended. It could be said that the bank is in a difficult situation as whatever option it takes, sanctions may still be imposed. As one judge noted in Governer & Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287; â€Å"the bank may commit a criminal offence if it pays or if it refuses to pay.† Furthermore, if the bank makes a disclosure based on its suspicions, which later turn out to be unfounded, the bank risks civil liability for breaching its contract with its customer (Ellinger et al: 2010: 114). This is because the bank will have frozen the customer’s account which would have prevented payments from being made in and out of the account. Because the banks have a significant burden imposed upon them when it comes to dealing with money laundering, some attempt has been made to ensure that banks acting in good faith will not face criminal liability. For example, it was held by the court in C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 that â€Å"it would not normally be an abuse of process to prosecute a bank which was doing no more than obeying a court order for disclosure.† Still, it is necessary for the bank to consider all of the risks before considering whether to make a disclosure or not. Overall, it is necessary on the facts for the MLRO of BCD Bank to make a disclosure to NCA since it does appear that the suspicions are reasonable. This is based upon the transaction of ?15 million that was made recently as well as the text message that Christian has received. Whilst the bank would be required to examine the potential issues with disclosing such information and freezing the account of RR this appears necessary and in the public interest. It will most likely prevent money laundering activities from taking place and will ensure that Christian, the MLRO and the bank are complying with their obligations. References Bastable, G., and Yeo, N., (2011). Money Laundering Law and Regulation: A Practical Guide, Oxford University Press. Benjamin, J., (2007). Financial Law. OUP Oxford. Ellinger, E. P., Lomnicka, E., and Hare, C., (2011) Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law, (Oxford University Press. Ellinger, E. P., Lomnicka, E., and Hare, C., (2010) Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law. 5th Edition. OUP Oxford. Hislop, D., (2009). ‘Banks, SARS & the Customer’ 159 New Law Journal 1099, Issue 7380. International Monetary Fund., (2011) Banking and Insurance, Business & Economics. Medcroft, N., (2010). A Banker’s Liability for Damages Arising from Compliance with PT 7 POCA’ 4 Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 227, Issue 4. Medcroft, N., (2009). Refusing to Execute Payment Instructions Where a Bank Suspects Money Laundering. 4 Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 190, Issue 4. Hudson, D., and Hutchinson, K., (2009). Suspicious Transactions Reports: Reporting Obligations of Financial Institutions in the UK. Complinet, [Accessed 07 June, 2014]. Cases C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 Governer & Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287 K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620 SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637